Who Invented Dev C++

Pseudocode is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm. It uses the structural conventions of a normal programming language, but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading. Pseudocode typically omits details that are essential for machine understanding of the algorithm, such as variable declarations, system-specific code and some subroutines. The programming language is augmented with natural language description details, where convenient, or with compact mathematical notation. The purpose of using pseudocode is that it is easier for people to understand than conventional programming language code, and that it is an efficient and environment-independent description of the key principles of an algorithm. It is commonly used in textbooks and scientific publications that are documenting various algorithms, and also in planning of computer program development, for sketching out the structure of the program before the actual coding takes place.

C was created by Dennis Ritchie 1 between 1969 and 1972 at Bell Labs 2. C was created by Bjarne Stroustrup 3. In fact he was working on ‘C with classes’, trying to integrate features of other programming languages like Simula with C.
The first mechanical clocks were invented in Europe around the start of the 14th century and were the standard timekeeping device until the pendulum clock was invented in 1656. There were many components that came together over time to give us the modern-day timekeeping pieces of today.

History of EMDR In 1987, Francine Shapiro was walking in the park when she realized that eye movements appeared to decrease the negative emotion associated with her own distressing memories 1,2. She assumed that eye movements had a desensitizing effect, and when she experimented with this she found that others also had the same response to eye.

No standard for pseudocode syntax exists, as a program in pseudocode is not an executable program. Pseudocode resembles skeleton programs which can be compiled without errors. Flowcharts, drakon-charts and Unified Modeling Language (UML) charts can be thought of as a graphical alternative to pseudocode, but are more spacious on paper. Languages such as HAGGIS bridge the gap between pseudocode and code written in programming languages.

Application[edit]

Textbooks and scientific publications related to computer science and numerical computation often use pseudocode in description of algorithms, so that all programmers can understand them, even if they do not all know the same programming languages. In textbooks, there is usually an accompanying introduction explaining the particular conventions in use. The level of detail of the pseudocode may in some cases approach that of formalized general-purpose languages.

A programmer who needs to implement a specific algorithm, especially an unfamiliar one, will often start with a pseudocode description, and then 'translate' that description into the target programming language and modify it to interact correctly with the rest of the program. Programmers may also start a project by sketching out the code in pseudocode on paper before writing it in its actual language, as a top-down structuring approach, with a process of steps to be followed as a refinement.

Syntax[edit]

Pseudocode generally does not actually obey the syntax rules of any particular language; there is no systematic standard form. Some writers borrow style and syntax from control structures from some conventional programming language, although this is discouraged.^[1]^[2] Some syntax sources include Fortran, Pascal, BASIC, C, C++, Java, Lisp, and ALGOL. Variable declarations are typically omitted. Function calls and blocks of code, such as code contained within a loop, are often replaced by a one-line natural language sentence.

Depending on the writer, pseudocode may therefore vary widely in style, from a near-exact imitation of a real programming language at one extreme, to a description approaching formatted prose at the other.

This is an example of pseudocode (for the mathematical gamefizz buzz):

Fortran style pseudocode

Pascal style pseudocode

C style pseudocode:

Structured Basic style pseudocode

Mathematical style pseudocode[edit]

In numerical computation, pseudocode often consists of mathematical notation, typically from set and matrix theory, mixed with the control structures of a conventional programming language, and perhaps also natural language descriptions. This is a compact and often informal notation that can be understood by a wide range of mathematically trained people, and is frequently used as a way to describe mathematical algorithms. For example, the sum operator (capital-sigma notation) or the product operator (capital-pi notation) may represent a for-loop and a selection structure in one expression:

Normally non-ASCIItypesetting is used for the mathematical equations, for example by means of markup languages, such as TeX or MathML, or proprietary formula editors.

Mathematical style pseudocode is sometimes referred to as pidgin code, for example pidgin ALGOL (the origin of the concept), pidgin Fortran, pidgin BASIC, pidgin Pascal, pidgin C, and pidgin Lisp.

Common mathematical symbols[edit]

Type of operation	Symbol	Example
Assignment	← or :=	`c ← 2πr`, `c := 2πr`
Comparison	=, ≠, <, >, ≤, ≥
Arithmetic	+, −, ×, /, mod
Floor/ceiling	⌊, ⌋, ⌈, ⌉	`a ← ⌊b⌋ + ⌈c⌉`
Logical	and, or
Sums, products	Σ Π	`h ← Σ_a∈A 1/a`

Example[edit]

Here follows a longer example of mathematical-style pseudocode, for the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm:

Machine compilation of pseudocode style languages[edit]

Natural language grammar in programming languages[edit]

Various attempts to bring elements of natural language grammar into computer programming have produced programming languages such as HyperTalk, Lingo, AppleScript, SQL, Inform and to some extent Python. In these languages, parentheses and other special characters are replaced by prepositions, resulting in quite talkative code. These languages are typically dynamically typed, meaning that variable declarations and other boilerplate code can be omitted. Such languages may make it easier for a person without knowledge about the language to understand the code and perhaps also to learn the language. However, the similarity to natural language is usually more cosmetic than genuine. The syntax rules may be just as strict and formal as in conventional programming, and do not necessarily make development of the programs easier.

Mathematical programming languages[edit]

An alternative to using mathematical pseudocode (involving set theory notation or matrix operations) for documentation of algorithms is to use a formal mathematical programming language that is a mix of non-ASCII mathematical notation and program control structures. Then the code can be parsed and interpreted by a machine.

Several formal specification languages include set theory notation using special characters. Examples are:

Vienna Development Method Specification Language (VDM-SL).

Some array programming languages include vectorized expressions and matrix operations as non-ASCII formulas, mixed with conventional control structures. Examples are:

A programming language (APL), and its dialects APLX and A+.
MathCAD.

References[edit]

^Code Complete, page 54 'Avoid syntactic elements from the target programming language'.
^Invitation to Computer Science, 8th Edition by Schneider/Gersting, 'Keep statements language independent' as quoted at [1]

Zobel, Justin (2013). 'Algorithms'. Writing for Computer Science (Second ed.). Springer. ISBN1-85233-802-4.

External links[edit]

Look up pseudocode in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Pseudocode Guidelines, PDF file.
Pseudocode generation tool from a model tree learn how to generate pseudocode in a second
Pseudocode interpreter PSEINT for Android-OS

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudocode&oldid=947426019'

Dev-C++
Stable release
Dev-C++ showing its updated UI and new variable browsing options
Developer(s)	Bloodshed Software until 2005, Orwell (Johan Mes) since 2011
Repository
Written in	Delphi
Operating system	Microsoft Windows, Linux (alpha only)
Type	Integrated development environment
License	GNU General Public License
Website	orwelldevcpp.blogspot.com www.bloodshed.net at the Wayback Machine (archived March 20, 2016)
Usage

Dev-C++ is a free full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) distributed under the GNU General Public License for programming in C and C++. It is written in Delphi.

It is bundled with, and uses, the MinGW or TDM-GCC 64bit port of the GCC as its compiler. Dev-C++ can also be used in combination with Cygwin or any other GCC-based compiler.^[1]

Dev-C++ is generally considered a Windows-only program, but there are attempts to create a Linux version: header files and path delimiters are switchable between platforms.

Devpaks[edit]

An additional aspect of Dev-C++ is its use of DevPaks: packaged extensions on the programming environment with additional libraries, templates, and utilities. DevPaks often contain, but are not limited to, GUI utilities, including popular toolkits such as GTK+, wxWidgets, and FLTK. Other DevPaks include libraries for more advanced function use. Users of Dev-C++ can download additional libraries, or packages of code that increase the scope and functionality of Dev-C++, such as graphics, compression, animation, sound support and many more. Users can create Devpaks and host them for free on the site. Also, they are not limited to use with Dev-C++ - the site says 'A typical devpak will work with any MinGW distribution (with any IDE for MinGW)'.

Development status[edit]

From February 22, 2005 to June 2011 the project was not noticeably active, with no news posted nor any updated versions released. In a 2006 forum post, lead developer Colin Laplace stated that he was busy with real-life issues and did not have time to continue development of Dev-C++.^[2]

There are two forks of Dev-C++ since then: wxDev-C++ and the Orwell version.

wxDev-C++ is a development team that has taken Dev-C++ and added new features such as support for multiple compilers and a RAD designer for wxWidgets applications.

On June 30, 2011 an unofficial version 4.9.9.3 of Dev-C++ was released by Orwell (Johan Mes), an independent programmer,^[3] featuring the more recent GCC 4.5.2 compiler, Windows' SDK resources (Win32 and D3D), numerous bugfixes, and improved stability. On August 27, after five years of officially being in a beta stage, version 5.0 was released.^[4] This version also has its own separate SourceForge^[5] page since version 5.0.0.5, because the old developer isn't responding to combining requests. On July 2014, Orwell Dev-C++ 5.7.1 was released featuring the more recent GCC 4.8.1 which supports C++11.

Notable uses[edit]

On May 4, 2015, The Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong posted his Sudoku solver program in C++ on Facebook. In his screen shot, he's using Microsoft Windows and Dev-C++ as his IDE.^[6]